What is Galvanization?In its most basic sense, galvanization appears as a metal coating process. In order to carry out this process, the steel must be coated by immersing it in molten zinc at approximately 450 degrees. In this way, while increasing the durability of the metal, surface rusting is prevented. In short, it is ensured that the metal has a long life. The use of galvanization, invented by Luigi Galvani, dates back to the 18th century. Galvanized, which was preferred in those years to prevent corrosion of the metal, has been further developed and started to be used in many areas today.
How Is Galvanized Made?
What is galvanization, now you know. So how is the galvanization process done? There are basically 2 different methods for this process, which is also referred to as galvanized coating. However, before these methods, it is necessary to look at the stages of galvanization application. This process takes place in the following stages.
● Degreasing
● Rinse
● Etching
● Rinse again
● Fluxing
● Drying
● Immersion
Galvanized coating methods used for different purposes are as follows:
Electro Galvanized Method Electro galvanized coating method is made by throwing two different electrodes in a boiler filled with electrolyte. Zinc is connected to the anode from these electrodes, which are called anode and cathode. On the other hand, the coating material is attached to the cathode. During this process, electricity is applied and the electrode on the anode sticks to the cathode. Thus, zinc performs the electro-galvanization process by sticking the electrode, which it detached from the anode, to the material to which the cathode is attached. In this method, which is made with pure zinc, there is no such thing as removing the coating.
Hot Dip Method
The hot dip method is the most commonly used galvanizing process. Therefore, for the answer to the question of what is galvanization, the hot dip method is expressed. This method, which increases the life of steel and iron, does not require any maintenance after application. The biggest problem of the hot dip method is that it cannot be welded. In addition, it should be noted that unlike the electro galvanized coating method, it is not applied with pure zinc, but with alloy zinc.
Where is Galvanized Used?
Galvanization, which is used in different areas from the construction sector to the maritime sector, is a highly preferred process. So, where is galvanization used in general? If you wish, let’s take a look at the usage areas of galvanization.
● Construction industry
● Prefabricated building production
● Container structure production
● Maritime industry
● Insulation construction
● Automotive industry
● Ventilation facilities
● Energy sector
● Stove and pipe production
● White goods industry
● Cable industry
● Food industry
● Aircraft manufacturing
● Packaging industry
What are the Properties of Galvanized?
We mentioned that galvanization is used in almost every sector. Preferring such a widely used material includes the features it offers. So, let’s look at the properties of galvanization together.
- Long Lasting and Durable
We mentioned that the galvanizing process is done by melting the zinc at about 450 degrees. Zinc is an element that makes the material structure durable. In this way, the resulting structure is extremely strong and will not be easily deformed. Metals coated with galvanization will have a much more durable and long-lasting use. Especially in prefabricated buildings, galvanization, which increases the resistance against earthquakes, also contributes to the long-lasting and robustness of the structures. In addition, since it is produced at high temperature, galvanization has a heat-resistant structure. This is exactly why it is a preferred product in different sectors. However, galvanization also has a certain life. Galvanizing, which comes into contact with extremely acidic or basic substances, shortens its usage time. The pH range in which the galvanized coating is most durable is between 6 and 10. - Maintenance Free
Another feature of the galvanized coating is that it does not require maintenance after application. Thus, it offers the possibility of use for many years. On the other hand, painting process and other coating types do not give the effect of galvanization. Therefore, such applications require much more frequent maintenance than galvanization. - It is economical
Galvanized, which is a durable material, is also cost-effective. Galvanizing, which is a much more suitable alternative to painting, allows the cost calculation to be determined beforehand. In this way, it does not cause any extra cost. - Provides Corrosion Protection
Corrosion; It is called corrosion of metals and metal alloys due to environmental conditions or their own structure. Humidity, polluted air, an acidic or basic environment are among the biggest factors that cause corrosion in metal materials. On the other hand, corrosion formation can be easily prevented with galvanized coating providing cathodic protection. Thus, while extending the life of the metal, it makes it much more durable. - Prevents Rust
We mentioned that galvanization prevents corrosion. Rusting is also a stage of corrosion. In short, we can say that corrosion is a type of oxidation and rusting is a stage of this situation. It should be noted that rusty materials are extremely harmful to human health. However, with galvanized coating, you can prevent the metal from rusting and make it much more durable. - Saves Time
Galvanization is a quick process. There is no time wasted in surface preparation, painting and inspection. When the assembly of the structure is completed, it is ready for immediate use or for the next construction phase. - Environmentally Friendly
Galvanized is a material that does not contain substances harmful to nature. Galvanized steel can be recycled in the same way as any other steel product. The zinc used in hot-dip galvanizing is 100% recyclable. Therefore, galvanization appears as an environmentally friendly material that does not leave any residue in nature. - Free from Harmful Pests
Galvanized has a feature that prevents infestation. Galvanized steel does not contain any harmful pests. Therefore, the galvanizing process appears as a material that prevents insects. - Provides Holistic Coverage
With galvanization, the entire surface of the material, including the closed area, is covered. The coated steel product, including inside, outside, corners and edges, is thus optimally protected.
